The law is an exciting and surprisingly diverse profession.
Whether you’re a graduate or an experienced lawyer, you can work in many different roles and environments – from small businesses, traditional firms and the courts to large organisations, government departments and community legal centres.
Here’s an overview of the legal landscape and some of the directions your career could take.
1. WHAT TYPE OF LEGAL CAREER COULD YOU HAVE?
If you want to practise law, the two main pathways are becoming a solicitor or a barrister.
The word lawyer is an umbrella term. Solicitors and barristers are both lawyers, but they have different roles and responsibilities.
In simple terms, solicitors generally work directly with clients, provide legal advice, prepare documents, negotiate and manage legal matters.
Barristers specialise in advocacy and providing expert legal opinions. They often represent clients in court after being briefed by a solicitor.
A solicitor is typically the first point of contact for a person or organisation seeking legal advice.
Their responsibilities can include:
- Advising clients about their legal rights and obligations
- Assisting organisations with legal and regulatory compliance
- Preparing legal documents, including contracts and wills
- Negotiating with other parties
- Managing disputes and legal matters
Some solicitors specialise in disputes. This can involve preparing claims and evidence, negotiating settlements and appearing in court.
Most lawyers begin their careers as solicitors, opening the door to many different practice areas, workplaces and future career paths.
Barristers specialise in advocacy and expert legal advice.
They generally practise independently and receive work by referral from solicitors. Their work can include:
- Representing clients in court
- Advising on complex legal issues
- Developing legal arguments and case strategies
- Preparing written opinions
- Applying the rules of evidence and court procedure
Each Australian state and territory has its own requirements for becoming a barrister, so the pathway depends on where you intend to practise.
2. WHERE CAN YOU WORK AS A LAWYER?
Choosing your role is only part of the picture.
Lawyers work in many different environments, and where you work can shape the matters, clients and experiences you encounter.
Private practice
Private practice means working for a law firm that provides legal services to clients.
Firms vary considerably in size, location, clients and areas of practice.
A solicitor’s career path in private practice might look something like:
But not every lawyer follows this path. There are many other directions your career can take.
Small firms
With just two to five partners, a small firm can expose you to many of the areas of law the firm practises in.
Graduate lawyers may also gain responsibility for client matters relatively early, providing broad hands-on experience.
Medium firms
With six to 20 partners, medium firms generally offer a broader range of work than smaller practices, often with more specialised teams.
You may also have opportunities to move between practice areas, such as litigation and corporate law.
Large firms
Large firms have more than 20 partners and often have highly structured recruitment, induction and training programs.
They may offer a wide spectrum of practice areas, particularly in commercial law, as well as ongoing education and pro bono opportunities.
Sole practices
A sole practice has one principal solicitor who owns the practice and may employ other solicitors and staff.
Working in a smaller practice can provide broad exposure to different parts of legal practice.
If you want to run your own practice one day, additional experience and practice-management requirements may apply depending on where you practise.
Regional firms
Not every legal career happens in a capital city.
Regional firms can offer opportunities to build strong client relationships and work across a broad range of matters affecting individuals, businesses and communities.
For students who want to build a career outside a major city, regional practice can provide another pathway into the profession.
The courts
There are many legal and support roles within the court system, including judge’s associate positions.
A judge’s associate assists a judge by preparing and maintaining paperwork, undertaking legal research, liaising with court staff and helping schedule hearings and trials. Associates also sit in court with the judge.
Other court roles can include:
- Registrars
- Legal assistants
- Law clerks
- Legal executives
In-house lawyer or counsel
In-house lawyers work within an organisation rather than for an external law firm.
Instead of advising many different clients, your client is effectively the organisation you work for.
Your role might involve:
- Advising on business operations
- Reviewing and negotiating contracts
- Managing corporate risk and compliance
- Supporting organisational change
- Working with teams across the business
- Engaging external law firms or barristers when specialist advice is needed
Because you’re working closely with one organisation, commercial awareness and understanding its objectives can be particularly important.
Government
Lawyers work across federal, state and local government, statutory authorities and regulators.
Government roles can cover:
- Legal advice
- Policy
- Regulation
- Legislation
- Litigation
- Research
- Prosecution
Depending on your interests, you might work for an Attorney-General’s Department, government legal service, regulator, commission or another public-sector organisation.
Many government departments and agencies also run graduate recruitment programs.
You can search for opportunities through the Australian Public Service jobs website or individual department and agency websites.
Community Legal Centres
Community Legal Centres (CLCs) are independent, not-for-profit organisations that help people access legal assistance and advocate for fairer access to justice.
CLCs may:
- Provide free legal advice, casework and information
- Support people experiencing disadvantage
- Deliver community legal education
- Advocate for law reform
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS THAT RECRUIT LAWYERS
Legal, policy, regulatory, research and advisory careers are available across a wide range of federal agencies and organisations.
Works across Australia’s law and justice framework.
Regulates Australia’s media and communications sectors.
Promotes competition, fair trading and consumer protection.
Works with law-enforcement partners on serious and organised crime.
Provides legal services to the Australian Government.
Promotes and protects human rights in Australia.
Australia’s national research and knowledge centre on crime and justice.
Reviews Australian laws and recommends reform.
Regulates institutions across banking, insurance and superannuation.
Australia’s national workplace-relations tribunal.
Deals with federal law matters including family-law disputes.
A superior federal court of record and a court of law and equity.
Prosecutes alleged offences against Commonwealth law.
3. WHAT TYPE OF LAW COULD YOU PRACTISE?
Where you work is one career decision. What type of law you practise is another.
There are dozens of different practice areas, each involving different clients, problems and types of work.
Here are some you might encounter.
ASEAN+6 cross-border legal practice
As an international lawyer working in the ASEAN+6 region, you’ll safeguard client interests across complex cross-border agreements and disputes.
Business law & transactions
Help businesses navigate legal issues, transactions and commercial decisions as they arise.
Commercial litigation
When business disputes move beyond negotiation, commercial litigation lawyers help protect the rights and interests of companies.
Dispute resolution
Help clients resolve legal issues outside court through approaches such as negotiation, mediation and other less adversarial processes.
Family law
Work closely with families and support clients through significant personal and legal matters.
Government & public sector law
Work across legal advice, regulation, policy and public-interest matters within government and public-sector organisations.
In-house practice
Guide legal and commercial decision-making within a business while developing a deep understanding of its objectives, risks and operations.
International arbitration
Work on disputes spanning international borders while navigating different legal systems, languages and cultures.
Legal business management
Combine legal knowledge with business, management and operational skills to improve the way legal services are delivered.
NewLaw
Explore new approaches, business models and technologies that are changing how legal services are designed and delivered.
Property law
Help clients with property matters including buying and selling land, transferring titles and navigating related legal obligations.
Wills, estates & estate planning
Help clients plan the distribution of assets and ensure their wishes are carried out effectively and legally.
4. WHAT ELSE CAN YOU DO WITH A LAW DEGREE?
A law degree doesn’t mean you have to spend your entire career practising as a solicitor or barrister.
Legal training develops skills that can be valuable in many different roles and industries, including research, communication, analysis, negotiation, critical thinking and problem-solving.
New and emerging legal careers
Technology and new ways of delivering legal services are creating careers that look very different from traditional legal practice.
Depending on your interests, you could explore:
- Legal operations: Improving how legal teams, processes and services operate
- Legal technology: Using technology to improve how legal work is delivered
- Knowledge management: Helping organisations capture, organise and use legal knowledge
- Legal project management: Applying project-management skills to complex legal matters
- Legal data: Using data and analytics to understand and improve legal services
These roles can be particularly appealing if you’re interested in law but also drawn to business, technology, data or innovation.
What can you do with a law degree besides become a lawyer?
Legal skills can translate into many other careers and industries.
Government and policy
Research, analysis, legislation and policy development
Consulting
Problem-solving, analysis and communicating complex information
Banking and finance
Regulation, risk, compliance and commercial understanding
Compliance and risk
Interpreting rules and helping organisations manage obligations
Human resources
Employment issues, workplace policy and negotiation
Journalism and communications
Researching and explaining complex issues clearly
Not-for-profit and advocacy
Policy, advocacy, research and social impact
Entrepreneurship
Problem-solving, negotiation and understanding legal risk
There are plenty of other possibilities too.
The important thing to remember is that studying law doesn’t lock you into one career.
Other specialist career paths
Public notary
A public notary is a senior lawyer responsible for certifying and attesting documents intended for use in Australia and internationally.
Responsibilities can include:
- Attesting documents and certifying their execution
- Preparing and certifying powers of attorney, deeds, wills and contracts
- Administering oaths
- Witnessing signatures on affidavits and statutory declarations
- Noting and protesting bills of exchange
Requirements include being an Australian lawyer, holding an Australian practising certificate for the required period and completing relevant study in notarial practice.
Family Dispute Resolution Practitioner
Want to work outside the adversarial legal system?
Family Dispute Resolution Practitioners (FDRPs) use mediation to help families reach their own agreements.
FDRPs are not necessarily lawyers. They can come from backgrounds including law, social work, psychology and dispute resolution.